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Agate Gemstone is one variety of chalcedony which is a semi-precious natural gemstone discovered so far only in certain areas of "central and northern Mexico and the southwestern United States (New Mexico, Arizona, and California)". The fire agates were formed during a period of volcanism when hot water, saturated with silica and iron oxide, repeatedly filled cracks and bubbles in…

It is also known as Titanite, which is named for its titanium content, which occurs as translucent to transparent, reddish-brown, gray, yellow, green, or red monoclinic crystals. These crystals are typically sphenoid inhabit and are often twinned. Titanite has a hardness of 5.5 and a weak cleavage. Its refractive index is 1.885–1.990 to 1.915–2.050. Owing to the quenching effect of…